Architectural Dialogue with the Himalayas. Gelephu International Airport as a Reflection of Bhutanese Identity

In the southern foothills of the Himalayas, where mist envelops mountain peaks and rivers carve through lush valleys, an ambitious architectural project is taking shape—the Gelephu International Airport. Designed by the BIG architectural bureau, this project not only establishes a new transportation hub but also aspires to become a symbol of Bhutanese identity, blending tradition and modernity.

Bhutanese Architecture: A Balance Between Functionality and Spirituality

Bhutanese architecture is a unique fusion of functionality and spirituality. Traditional Bhutanese buildings, such as dzongs and lakhangs, are characterized by massive walls, wooden structures, and vibrant decorative elements. These features not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of buildings but also carry profound symbolic meaning. For example, dzongs, which served as both fortresses and monasteries, had walls up to 5 meters thick, ensuring stability and protection.

Gelephu Airport: An Architectural Interpretation of Bhutanese Traditions

The Gelephu Airport project is an attempt to translate traditional Bhutanese architectural elements into the language of contemporary design. The wooden terminal structure, covering an area of 68,000 square meters, is inspired by kachen columns found in ancient dzong monasteries. These columns are typically adorned with paintings or stucco reliefs. The sloping roof, resembling the wings of a bird, symbolizes a vision for progress and development.

Integration with the Environment: Creating a Harmonious Space

The Gelephu Airport aims to blend seamlessly with its natural surroundings, creating a harmonious space for passengers and staff. The green landscapes surrounding the terminal will create the sensation of a natural oasis. More than 100 species of native plants and trees will be used for landscaping.

• The use of solar panels on the terminal roof will generate up to 30% of the required electricity.
• Natural ventilation and shading systems will help reduce air conditioning energy consumption by 40%.

Cultural Significance of the Project: The Gateway to Bhutan

The construction of Gelephu Airport is not just an infrastructure project but also a cultural event. The airport will serve as a gateway to Bhutan, introducing visitors to the country’s unique culture and traditions. By 2065, the airport's passenger traffic is expected to reach 5.5 million people per year, increasing tourism in the country by 20-30%.

Architectural Features Worth Highlighting:

• Use of local materials: Bhutanese wood makes up 80% of the terminal’s structure.
• Integration of traditional architectural elements: The terminal will feature more than 50 kachen columns.
• Creation of green zones: The landscaping area will cover 15,000 square meters.
• Environmental sustainability: Green technologies, including solar panels and natural ventilation systems, will reduce CO₂ emissions by 25%.
• Spaces for meditation and relaxation: Covering 1,000 square meters, these spaces reflect Bhutan’s philosophy of happiness.

Gelephu Airport is more than just a building—it is an architectural dialogue with the Himalayas, reflecting Bhutanese identity and the pursuit of harmony. By incorporating elements of national architecture and sustainable technologies, it continues the country’s centuries-old building traditions while adapting them to the 21st century.